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An article (abbreviated ) is a word (or prefix or suffix) that is used with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Articles specify grammatical definiteness of the noun, in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope. The articles in the English language are ''the'' and ''a/an'', and (in certain contexts) ''some''. 'An' and 'a' are modern forms of the Old English 'an', which in Anglian dialects was the number 'one' (compare 'on', in Saxon dialects) and survived into Modern Scots as the number 'ane'. Both 'on' (respelled 'one' by the Normans) and 'an' survived into Modern English, with 'one' used as the number and 'an' ('a', before nouns that begin with a consonant sound) as an indefinite article. Traditionally in English, an article is usually considered to be a type of adjective. In some languages, articles are a special part of speech, which cannot easily be combined with other parts of speech. It is also possible for articles to be part of another part of speech category such as a determiner, an English part of speech category that combines articles and demonstratives (such as 'this' and 'that'). In languages that employ articles, every common noun, with some exceptions, is expressed with a certain definiteness (e.g., definite or indefinite), just as many languages express every noun with a certain grammatical number (e.g., singular or plural). Every noun ''must'' be accompanied by the article, if any, corresponding to its definiteness, and the lack of an article (considered a ''zero article'') itself specifies a certain definiteness. This is in contrast to other adjectives and determiners, which are typically optional. This obligatory nature of articles makes them among the most common words in many languages—in English, for example, the most frequent word is ''the''. Articles are usually characterized as either ''definite'' or ''indefinite''.〔(The Use and Non-Use of Articles )〕 A few languages with well-developed systems of articles may distinguish additional subtypes. Within each type, languages may have various forms of each article, according to grammatical attributes such as gender, number, or case, or according to adjacent sounds. ==Definite article== A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one which is identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker has already mentioned, or it may be something uniquely specified. The definite article in English, for both singular and plural nouns, is ''the''. : ''The children know the fastest way home.'' The sentence above refers to specific children and a specific way home; it contrasts with the much more general observation that: : ''Children know the fastest ways home.'' The latter sentence refers to children in general and their specific ways home. Likewise, : ''Give me the book.'' refers to a specific book whose identity is known or obvious to the listener; as such it has a markedly different meaning from : ''Give me a book.'' which does not specify what book is to be given. The definite article can also be used in English to indicate a specific class among other classes: : ''The cabbage white butterfly lays its eggs on members of the Brassica genus.'' However, recent developments show that definite articles are morphological elements linked to certain noun types due to lexicalization. Under this point of view, definiteness does not play a role in the selection of a definite article more than the lexical entry attached to the article.〔Díaz Collazos, Ana María. https://www.academia.edu/6254347/Spanish_indefinite_articles_in_the_Nikkei_as_Colombian-Japanese_community〕〔Recasens, Taulé and Martí http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228748115_First-mention_definites_more_than_exceptional_cases〕 The definite article is sometimes also used with proper names, which are already specified by definition (there ''is'' just one of them). For example: ''the Amazon, the Hebrides''. In these cases, the definite article may be considered superfluous. Its presence can be accounted for by the assumption that they are shorthand for a longer phrase in which the name is a specifier, i.e. ''the Amazon River'', ''the Hebridean Islands''. Where the nouns in such longer phrases cannot be omitted, the definite article is universally kept: ''the United States'', ''the People's Republic of China''. This distinction can sometimes become a political matter: the former usage ''the Ukraine'' stressed the word's Russian meaning of "borderlands"; as Ukraine became a fully independent state following the collapse of the Soviet Union, it requested formal mentions of its name omit the article. Similar shifts in usage have occurred in the names of Sudan and both Congo (Brazzaville) and (Kinshasa); a move in the other direction occurred with The Gambia. Some languages also use definite articles with personal names. For example, such use is standard in Portuguese: ''a Maria'', literally: "the Maria" [but this is not possible in Hindi names such as "the Sandeep," " a Sandeep". It also occurs colloquially in Spanish, German and other languages, and is sometimes heard in Italian. In Hungary it is considered to be a Germanism 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「An '''article''' (abbreviated ) is a word (or prefix or suffix) that is used with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Articles specify grammatical definiteness of the noun, in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope. The articles in the English language are ''the'' and ''a/an'', and (in certain contexts) ''some''. 'An' and 'a' are modern forms of the Old English 'an', which in Anglian dialects was the number 'one' (compare 'on', in Saxon dialects) and survived into Modern Scots as the number 'ane'. Both 'on' (respelled 'one' by the Normans) and 'an' survived into Modern English, with 'one' used as the number and 'an' ('a', before nouns that begin with a consonant sound) as an indefinite article.Traditionally in English, an article is usually considered to be a type of adjective. In some languages, articles are a special part of speech, which cannot easily be combined with other parts of speech. It is also possible for articles to be part of another part of speech category such as a determiner, an English part of speech category that combines articles and demonstratives (such as 'this' and 'that').In languages that employ articles, every common noun, with some exceptions, is expressed with a certain definiteness (e.g., definite or indefinite), just as many languages express every noun with a certain grammatical number (e.g., singular or plural). Every noun ''must'' be accompanied by the article, if any, corresponding to its definiteness, and the lack of an article (considered a ''zero article'') itself specifies a certain definiteness. This is in contrast to other adjectives and determiners, which are typically optional. This obligatory nature of articles makes them among the most common words in many languages—in English, for example, the most frequent word is ''the''.Articles are usually characterized as either ''definite'' or ''indefinite''.(The Use and Non-Use of Articles ) A few languages with well-developed systems of articles may distinguish additional subtypes. Within each type, languages may have various forms of each article, according to grammatical attributes such as gender, number, or case, or according to adjacent sounds.==Definite article==A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one which is identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker has already mentioned, or it may be something uniquely specified. The definite article in English, for both singular and plural nouns, is ''the''. : '''''The children''' know '''the fastest way''' home.''The sentence above refers to specific children and a specific way home; it contrasts with the much more general observation that:: '''''Children''' know '''the fastest ways''' home.''The latter sentence refers to children in general and their specific ways home. Likewise,: ''Give me '''the book'''.''refers to a specific book whose identity is known or obvious to the listener; as such it has a markedly different meaning from : ''Give me '''a book'''.''which does not specify what book is to be given.The definite article can also be used in English to indicate a specific class among other classes:: '''''The''' cabbage white butterfly lays its eggs on members of '''the''' Brassica genus.''However, recent developments show that definite articles are morphological elements linked to certain noun types due to lexicalization. Under this point of view, definiteness does not play a role in the selection of a definite article more than the lexical entry attached to the article.Díaz Collazos, Ana María. https://www.academia.edu/6254347/Spanish_indefinite_articles_in_the_Nikkei_as_Colombian-Japanese_communityRecasens, Taulé and Martí http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228748115_First-mention_definites_more_than_exceptional_casesThe definite article is sometimes also used with proper names, which are already specified by definition (there ''is'' just one of them). For example: ''the Amazon, the Hebrides''. In these cases, the definite article may be considered superfluous. Its presence can be accounted for by the assumption that they are shorthand for a longer phrase in which the name is a specifier, i.e. ''the Amazon River'', ''the Hebridean Islands''. Where the nouns in such longer phrases cannot be omitted, the definite article is universally kept: ''the United States'', ''the People's Republic of China''. This distinction can sometimes become a political matter: the former usage ''the Ukraine'' stressed the word's Russian meaning of "borderlands"; as Ukraine became a fully independent state following the collapse of the Soviet Union, it requested formal mentions of its name omit the article. Similar shifts in usage have occurred in the names of Sudan and both Congo (Brazzaville) and (Kinshasa); a move in the other direction occurred with The Gambia.Some languages also use definite articles with personal names. For example, such use is standard in Portuguese: ''a Maria'', literally: "the Maria" [but this is not possible in Hindi names such as "the Sandeep," " a Sandeep". It also occurs colloquially in Spanish, German and other languages, and is sometimes heard in Italian. In Hungary it is considered to be a Germanism」の詳細全文を読む An article (abbreviated ) is a word (or prefix or suffix) that is used with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Articles specify grammatical definiteness of the noun, in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope. The articles in the English language are ''the'' and ''a/an'', and (in certain contexts) ''some''. 'An' and 'a' are modern forms of the Old English 'an', which in Anglian dialects was the number 'one' (compare 'on', in Saxon dialects) and survived into Modern Scots as the number 'ane'. Both 'on' (respelled 'one' by the Normans) and 'an' survived into Modern English, with 'one' used as the number and 'an' ('a', before nouns that begin with a consonant sound) as an indefinite article. Traditionally in English, an article is usually considered to be a type of adjective. In some languages, articles are a special part of speech, which cannot easily be combined with other parts of speech. It is also possible for articles to be part of another part of speech category such as a determiner, an English part of speech category that combines articles and demonstratives (such as 'this' and 'that'). In languages that employ articles, every common noun, with some exceptions, is expressed with a certain definiteness (e.g., definite or indefinite), just as many languages express every noun with a certain grammatical number (e.g., singular or plural). Every noun ''must'' be accompanied by the article, if any, corresponding to its definiteness, and the lack of an article (considered a ''zero article'') itself specifies a certain definiteness. This is in contrast to other adjectives and determiners, which are typically optional. This obligatory nature of articles makes them among the most common words in many languages—in English, for example, the most frequent word is ''the''. Articles are usually characterized as either ''definite'' or ''indefinite''.〔(The Use and Non-Use of Articles )〕 A few languages with well-developed systems of articles may distinguish additional subtypes. Within each type, languages may have various forms of each article, according to grammatical attributes such as gender, number, or case, or according to adjacent sounds. ==Definite article== A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one which is identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker has already mentioned, or it may be something uniquely specified. The definite article in English, for both singular and plural nouns, is ''the''. : ''The children know the fastest way home.'' The sentence above refers to specific children and a specific way home; it contrasts with the much more general observation that: : ''Children know the fastest ways home.'' The latter sentence refers to children in general and their specific ways home. Likewise, : ''Give me the book.'' refers to a specific book whose identity is known or obvious to the listener; as such it has a markedly different meaning from : ''Give me a book.'' which does not specify what book is to be given. The definite article can also be used in English to indicate a specific class among other classes: : ''The cabbage white butterfly lays its eggs on members of the Brassica genus.'' However, recent developments show that definite articles are morphological elements linked to certain noun types due to lexicalization. Under this point of view, definiteness does not play a role in the selection of a definite article more than the lexical entry attached to the article.〔Díaz Collazos, Ana María. https://www.academia.edu/6254347/Spanish_indefinite_articles_in_the_Nikkei_as_Colombian-Japanese_community〕〔Recasens, Taulé and Martí http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228748115_First-mention_definites_more_than_exceptional_cases〕 The definite article is sometimes also used with proper names, which are already specified by definition (there ''is'' just one of them). For example: ''the Amazon, the Hebrides''. In these cases, the definite article may be considered superfluous. Its presence can be accounted for by the assumption that they are shorthand for a longer phrase in which the name is a specifier, i.e. ''the Amazon River'', ''the Hebridean Islands''. Where the nouns in such longer phrases cannot be omitted, the definite article is universally kept: ''the United States'', ''the People's Republic of China''. This distinction can sometimes become a political matter: the former usage ''the Ukraine'' stressed the word's Russian meaning of "borderlands"; as Ukraine became a fully independent state following the collapse of the Soviet Union, it requested formal mentions of its name omit the article. Similar shifts in usage have occurred in the names of Sudan and both Congo (Brazzaville) and (Kinshasa); a move in the other direction occurred with The Gambia. Some languages also use definite articles with personal names. For example, such use is standard in Portuguese: ''a Maria'', literally: "the Maria" [but this is not possible in Hindi names such as "the Sandeep," " a Sandeep". It also occurs colloquially in Spanish, German and other languages, and is sometimes heard in Italian. In Hungary it is considered to be a Germanism 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「An article (abbreviated ) is a word (or prefix or suffix) that is used with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Articles specify grammatical definiteness of the noun, in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope. The articles in the English language are ''the'' and ''a/an'', and (in certain contexts) ''some''. 'An' and 'a' are modern forms of the Old English 'an', which in Anglian dialects was the number 'one' (compare 'on', in Saxon dialects) and survived into Modern Scots as the number 'ane'. Both 'on' (respelled 'one' by the Normans) and 'an' survived into Modern English, with 'one' used as the number and 'an' ('a', before nouns that begin with a consonant sound) as an indefinite article.Traditionally in English, an article is usually considered to be a type of adjective. In some languages, articles are a special part of speech, which cannot easily be combined with other parts of speech. It is also possible for articles to be part of another part of speech category such as a determiner, an English part of speech category that combines articles and demonstratives (such as 'this' and 'that').In languages that employ articles, every common noun, with some exceptions, is expressed with a certain definiteness (e.g., definite or indefinite), just as many languages express every noun with a certain grammatical number (e.g., singular or plural). Every noun ''must'' be accompanied by the article, if any, corresponding to its definiteness, and the lack of an article (considered a ''zero article'') itself specifies a certain definiteness. This is in contrast to other adjectives and determiners, which are typically optional. This obligatory nature of articles makes them among the most common words in many languages—in English, for example, the most frequent word is ''the''.Articles are usually characterized as either ''definite'' or ''indefinite''.(The Use and Non-Use of Articles ) A few languages with well-developed systems of articles may distinguish additional subtypes. Within each type, languages may have various forms of each article, according to grammatical attributes such as gender, number, or case, or according to adjacent sounds.==Definite article==A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one which is identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker has already mentioned, or it may be something uniquely specified. The definite article in English, for both singular and plural nouns, is ''the''. : ''The children know the fastest way home.''The sentence above refers to specific children and a specific way home; it contrasts with the much more general observation that:: ''Children know the fastest ways home.''The latter sentence refers to children in general and their specific ways home. Likewise,: ''Give me the book.''refers to a specific book whose identity is known or obvious to the listener; as such it has a markedly different meaning from : ''Give me a book.''which does not specify what book is to be given.The definite article can also be used in English to indicate a specific class among other classes:: ''The cabbage white butterfly lays its eggs on members of the''' Brassica genus.''However, recent developments show that definite articles are morphological elements linked to certain noun types due to lexicalization. Under this point of view, definiteness does not play a role in the selection of a definite article more than the lexical entry attached to the article.Díaz Collazos, Ana María. https://www.academia.edu/6254347/Spanish_indefinite_articles_in_the_Nikkei_as_Colombian-Japanese_communityRecasens, Taulé and Martí http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228748115_First-mention_definites_more_than_exceptional_casesThe definite article is sometimes also used with proper names, which are already specified by definition (there ''is'' just one of them). For example: ''the Amazon, the Hebrides''. In these cases, the definite article may be considered superfluous. Its presence can be accounted for by the assumption that they are shorthand for a longer phrase in which the name is a specifier, i.e. ''the Amazon River'', ''the Hebridean Islands''. Where the nouns in such longer phrases cannot be omitted, the definite article is universally kept: ''the United States'', ''the People's Republic of China''. This distinction can sometimes become a political matter: the former usage ''the Ukraine'' stressed the word's Russian meaning of "borderlands"; as Ukraine became a fully independent state following the collapse of the Soviet Union, it requested formal mentions of its name omit the article. Similar shifts in usage have occurred in the names of Sudan and both Congo (Brazzaville) and (Kinshasa); a move in the other direction occurred with The Gambia.Some languages also use definite articles with personal names. For example, such use is standard in Portuguese: ''a Maria'', literally: "the Maria" [but this is not possible in Hindi names such as "the Sandeep," " a Sandeep". It also occurs colloquially in Spanish, German and other languages, and is sometimes heard in Italian. In Hungary it is considered to be a Germanism」の詳細全文を読む the''' Brassica genus.''However, recent developments show that definite articles are morphological elements linked to certain noun types due to lexicalization. Under this point of view, definiteness does not play a role in the selection of a definite article more than the lexical entry attached to the article.Díaz Collazos, Ana María. https://www.academia.edu/6254347/Spanish_indefinite_articles_in_the_Nikkei_as_Colombian-Japanese_communityRecasens, Taulé and Martí http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228748115_First-mention_definites_more_than_exceptional_casesThe definite article is sometimes also used with proper names, which are already specified by definition (there ''is'' just one of them). For example: ''the Amazon, the Hebrides''. In these cases, the definite article may be considered superfluous. Its presence can be accounted for by the assumption that they are shorthand for a longer phrase in which the name is a specifier, i.e. ''the Amazon River'', ''the Hebridean Islands''. Where the nouns in such longer phrases cannot be omitted, the definite article is universally kept: ''the United States'', ''the People's Republic of China''. This distinction can sometimes become a political matter: the former usage ''the Ukraine'' stressed the word's Russian meaning of "borderlands"; as Ukraine became a fully independent state following the collapse of the Soviet Union, it requested formal mentions of its name omit the article. Similar shifts in usage have occurred in the names of Sudan and both Congo (Brazzaville) and (Kinshasa); a move in the other direction occurred with The Gambia.Some languages also use definite articles with personal names. For example, such use is standard in Portuguese: ''a Maria'', literally: "the Maria" [but this is not possible in Hindi names such as "the Sandeep," " a Sandeep". It also occurs colloquially in Spanish, German and other languages, and is sometimes heard in Italian. In Hungary it is considered to be a Germanism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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